Useful API Functions
This document lists most useful (and most often needed) classes and functions. Be aware, that there are many more to be found in either the class references or via the builtin class browser.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
String[Bearbeiten]
All of the following operators are functional operators; meaning that they do not modify the argument(s).
Literals (i.e. Constant Strings)[Bearbeiten]
'...'
- Smalltalk style string (as is; no escapes for special characters). Be aware, that this is inconvenient, if newlines, tabs or other non-graphical characters are to be in the string.
c'...'
- C style string (supports the usual C-escapes, such as "\n" for newline, "\t" for tab or "\xHH" for hex codes)
e'...{expr}...'
- C style with embedded expressions. These are evaluated and sliced into the string.
Comparing[Bearbeiten]
string1 = string2 => Boolean
- compares case sensitive
- compares case sensitive
string1 sameAs: string2 => Boolean
- compares case insensitive
Case Conversion[Bearbeiten]
aString asLowercase
aString asUppercase
aString asUppercaseFirst
- return a case converted string
Finding Characters or Substrings[Bearbeiten]
aString indexOf: aCharacter => Integer
- returns the 1-based index, or 0 if not found.
Notice that character constants are denoted as $x in Smalltalk (or "Character return", "Character newline", "Character tab"...)
- returns the 1-based index, or 0 if not found.
aString lastIndexOf: aCharacter => Integer
- searching from the end, returns the 1-based index, or 0 if not found.
aString includes: aCharacter => Boolean
- returns true if the character is included, false if not
Concatenation, Splitting and Joining[Bearbeiten]
string1 , string2 (comma operator) => String
- returns the concatenated string. (i.e.
'hello' , 'world'
gives 'helloworld'.)
- returns the concatenated string. (i.e.
aString splitOn: aCharacter => CollectionOfStrings
- splits the string into a collection of strings
aCollectionOfStrings join: separator => String
- joins the string, inserting separator.
Reference: String inherits from: CharacterArray and SequenceableCollection and Collection
Collection[Bearbeiten]
Reference: Collection
Filename[Bearbeiten]
Reference: Filename
Stream[Bearbeiten]
Streams can be internal (eg. reading from a String) or external (eg. a file stream, pipe or socket).
Creating a Stream[Bearbeiten]
aString readStream
- returns a stream to read from a string
aFilenameString asFilename readStream
- returns a stream to read the file named aFilenameString
Testing[Bearbeiten]
aStream atEnd
- returns true if no more elements are to be read
Reading Characters[Bearbeiten]
aStream next
- returns the next character (as a character)
aStream next: 'count
- returns the next count characters (as a string)
aStream nextByte
- returns the next byte (as an integer)
aStream nextBytes: count
- returns the next count bytes (as a byte array)
Reading Lines[Bearbeiten]
aStream nextLine
- returns the next line (up to newLine) as a string
Positioning[Bearbeiten]
aStream position: pos
- positions the stream; pos is 0-based (i.e. 0 is the very beginning)
aStream skip: count
- positions the stream count elements further (i.e. reads over count elements)
Reference: Stream
Number[Bearbeiten]
Reference: Number and its subclasses Integer, Float, Fraction, Complex