Smalltalk Syntax Cheat Sheet - Versionsgeschichte

Cg: /* Standard */

2025-05-09T20:17:20Z

Standard

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 9. Mai 2025, 20:17 Uhr
Zeile 493:		Zeile 493:
	or here [http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/product.asp?sku=ANSI+INCITS+319%2D1998+%28R2002%29]. The name of the document is "American National Standard for Information Systems - Programming Languages - Smalltalk".		or here [http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/product.asp?sku=ANSI+INCITS+319%2D1998+%28R2002%29]. The name of the document is "American National Standard for Information Systems - Programming Languages - Smalltalk".

	You can also download the final draft revision for free: standard_v1_9-indexed.pdf and at [~~http~~://~~www~~.~~esug~~.org/~~data~~/~~Articles~~/~~AnsiSmalltalkStandard~~/~~STANDARD_V1_9~~.~~PDF~~].		You can also download the final draft revision for free: standard_v1_9-indexed.pdf and at [https://wiki.squeak.org/squeak/uploads/172/standard_v1_9-indexed.pdf].

	The final draft is identical to the official standard except that the draft also has a rationale included (and thus, the draft is arguably more useful than the official standard).		The final draft is identical to the official standard except that the draft also has a rationale included (and thus, the draft is arguably more useful than the official standard).

	Versions of the draft in .doc and .rtf are available from the Smalltalk Systems ftp site: [ftp://www.smalltalksystems.com/sts-pub/x3j20/] and the ESUG site [http://www.esug.org/data/Articles/AnsiSmalltalkStandard/]

	Protocol from ANSI Meeting: [http://www.netjam.org/smalltalk/faq/ANSI-meeting.html]		Protocol from ANSI Meeting: [http://www.netjam.org/smalltalk/faq/ANSI-meeting.html]

Cg: /* Examples */

2025-05-09T20:14:29Z

Examples

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 9. Mai 2025, 20:14 Uhr
Zeile 487:		Zeile 487:

	Dialog information: e'the result is {rslt}'		Dialog information: e'the result is {rslt}'

			== Standard ==
			The ANSI Smalltalk standard was approved on May 19, 1998. The official name of the document is ANSI INCITS 319-1998 (R2002). You can order a copy of the final standard
			from here: [http://www.techstreet.com/cgi-bin/detail?product_id=56122]
			or here [http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/product.asp?sku=ANSI+INCITS+319%2D1998+%28R2002%29]. The name of the document is "American National Standard for Information Systems - Programming Languages - Smalltalk".

			You can also download the final draft revision for free: standard_v1_9-indexed.pdf and at [http://www.esug.org/data/Articles/AnsiSmalltalkStandard/STANDARD_V1_9.PDF].

			The final draft is identical to the official standard except that the draft also has a rationale included (and thus, the draft is arguably more useful than the official standard).

			Versions of the draft in .doc and .rtf are available from the Smalltalk Systems ftp site: [ftp://www.smalltalksystems.com/sts-pub/x3j20/] and the ESUG site [http://www.esug.org/data/Articles/AnsiSmalltalkStandard/]

			Protocol from ANSI Meeting: [http://www.netjam.org/smalltalk/faq/ANSI-meeting.html]

Cg am 9. Mai 2025 um 19:55 Uhr

2025-05-09T19:55:58Z

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 9. Mai 2025, 19:55 Uhr
Zeile 2:		Zeile 2:

	This page was extracted from the "Smalltalk/X Programmers guide - Smalltalk/X Cheat Sheet".		This page was extracted from the "Smalltalk/X Programmers guide - Smalltalk/X Cheat Sheet".
	<br>Smalltalk/X language extensions are marked with '''(*)'''.		<br>Smalltalk/X language extensions (w.r.t. other Smalltalk implementations) are marked with '''(*)'''.

	== Smalltalk Philosophy ==		== Smalltalk Philosophy ==

Cg am 9. Mai 2025 um 19:55 Uhr

2025-05-09T19:55:11Z

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 9. Mai 2025, 19:55 Uhr
Zeile 1:		Zeile 1:
	A short, one page summary of what beginners need to know about Smalltalk/X syntax and most useful code fragments.<br>As usual, this is only a tiny fraction of what is really awailable, and you should use the builtin class browser to find many more useful functions in the system.		A short, one page summary of what beginners need to know about Smalltalk/X, its syntax and most useful code fragments.<br>As usual, this is only a tiny fraction of what is really awailable, and you should use the builtin class browser to find many more useful functions in the system.

	This page was extracted from the "Smalltalk/X Programmers guide - Smalltalk/X Cheat Sheet".		This page was extracted from the "Smalltalk/X Programmers guide - Smalltalk/X Cheat Sheet".

Cg: /* Lambda Blocks (Closures) */

2025-05-09T19:52:03Z

Lambda Blocks (Closures)

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 9. Mai 2025, 19:52 Uhr
Zeile 165:		Zeile 165:
	\| Multiple arguments		\| Multiple arguments
	\| <code>[ :a1 :a2 ... :aN \|<br>    expr1 . expr2 ... exprN<br>]</code>		\| <code>[ :a1 :a2 ... :aN \|<br>    expr1 . expr2 ... exprN<br>]</code>
			\|-
			\| Local Variables inside a block
			\| <code>[ :a1 ... :aN \|<br>     \|local1 local2 \|<br>     expr1 ... exprN<br>]</code>
	\|}		\|}

Cg: /* Literal Constants */

2025-05-09T19:48:43Z

Literal Constants

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 9. Mai 2025, 19:48 Uhr
Zeile 53:		Zeile 53:

	==== Literal Constants ====		==== Literal Constants ====

			===== Numbers =====

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
Zeile 99:		Zeile 101:
	\| <code>1234.53s2</code>		\| <code>1234.53s2</code>
	\| the number after the s specifies the number of digits		\| the number after the s specifies the number of digits
			\|}

			===== Characters and Strings =====

			{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	\| Characters		\| Characters
Zeile 123:		Zeile 130:
	\| <code>#'hello'</code><br><code>#foo</code>		\| <code>#'hello'</code><br><code>#foo</code>
	\| without quotes, if only alphaNumeric characters		\| without quotes, if only alphaNumeric characters
			\|}

			===== Arrays and Objects =====
			{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	\| Arrays<br>		\| Arrays<br>

Cg: /* Literal Constants */

2025-05-09T19:46:29Z

Literal Constants

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 9. Mai 2025, 19:46 Uhr
Zeile 114:		Zeile 114:
	\| Strings<br>(With Embedded Expressios) (*)		\| Strings<br>(With Embedded Expressios) (*)
	\| <code>e'hello {OperatingSystem getLoginName}'</code>		\| <code>e'hello {OperatingSystem getLoginName}'</code>
	\| ''expressions in braces are evaluated at runtime and sliced into the string''		\| ''expressions in braces are evaluated at runtime and sliced into the string (also a C-string)''
			\|-
			\| Strings<br>(Language translated with Embedded Expressios) (*)
			\| <code>i'hello {OperatingSystem getLoginName}'</code>
			\| ''like above, but the string is also possibly translated to a national language''
	\|-		\|-
	\| Symbols		\| Symbols

Cg: /* Smalltalk Philosophy */

2025-05-09T19:42:39Z

Smalltalk Philosophy

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 9. Mai 2025, 19:42 Uhr
Zeile 29:		Zeile 29:
	* In Smalltalk, every behavior is defined by corresponding message implementations. This includes control features (i.e. if-then-else, loops and exception handling). All of them are implemented as messages being sent to booleans (ifTrue:/ifFalse:) or blocks (whileTrue:)		* In Smalltalk, every behavior is defined by corresponding message implementations. This includes control features (i.e. if-then-else, loops and exception handling). All of them are implemented as messages being sent to booleans (ifTrue:/ifFalse:) or blocks (whileTrue:)
	* Blocks are special objects, which wrap a piece of code. Other languages know them as anonymous functions or lambdas or closures. But the Smalltalk syntax makes them super easy to use: just write a number of expressions inside square brackets, as in "<code>[ Transcript show: 10 factorial ]</code>".		* Blocks are special objects, which wrap a piece of code. Other languages know them as anonymous functions or lambdas or closures. But the Smalltalk syntax makes them super easy to use: just write a number of expressions inside square brackets, as in "<code>[ Transcript show: 10 factorial ]</code>".
	: blocks can be passed as argument with a message send; for example to a boolean: "<code>aBoolean ifTrue: [ ~~Transcrpt~~ show: 'yes' ]</code>"		: blocks can be passed as argument with a message send; for example to a boolean: "<code>aBoolean ifTrue: [ Transcript show: 'yes' ]</code>"
			: blocks can be stored in variables and passed arounf just like any other object
			: blocks can receive messages, especially loop messages: "<code>[ a < 10] whileTrue:[ Transcript showCR: a. a := a + 1 ]</code>".

	== Syntax ==		== Syntax ==

Cg: /* Smalltalk Philosophy */

2025-05-09T19:40:32Z

Smalltalk Philosophy

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 9. Mai 2025, 19:40 Uhr
Zeile 18:		Zeile 18:
	: For example: <code>"3 + 4"</code> or <code>"abc , def"</code> (yes, the comma is an operator; it does string concatenation)		: For example: <code>"3 + 4"</code> or <code>"abc , def"</code> (yes, the comma is an operator; it does string concatenation)
	* The object my respond (or "answer") by returning some result object. In the above example, "<code>3+4</code>" would answer "7", and "<code>'hello' , 'world'</code>" would answer 'helloworld'		* The object my respond (or "answer") by returning some result object. In the above example, "<code>3+4</code>" would answer "7", and "<code>'hello' , 'world'</code>" would answer 'helloworld'
			* binary messages have no meaning to the compiler; they are all equal and simply evaluated from left to right.
			: admitted, this makes arithmetic a little strange initially; you'll need parentheses as the is not precidence of eg. * over +. The expression "3 + 4 * 5" will be evaluated left to right and answer 35.
	* Everything in this world is an object;		* Everything in this world is an object;
	: from low level things like booleans, true, false, integer numbers, floating point numbers characters etc.		: from low level things like booleans, true, false, integer numbers, floating point numbers characters etc.

Cg: /* Smalltalk Philosophy */

2025-05-09T19:37:49Z

Smalltalk Philosophy

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 9. Mai 2025, 19:37 Uhr
Zeile 13:		Zeile 13:
	: In these examples, the "<code>heyYou</code>" is called the "''receiver of the message''"		: In these examples, the "<code>heyYou</code>" is called the "''receiver of the message''"
	* Messages without argument are called "''unary messages''"; those with arguments are called "''keyword messages''"		* Messages without argument are called "''unary messages''"; those with arguments are called "''keyword messages''"
			: For example "<code>Transcript clear</code>" (sends the message "clear" to the Transcript object),
			: and "<code>Transcript show: 'hello'</code>" (sends the message "show:" to the Transcript, passing a string argument),
	* To allow for arithmetic operations, any non-letter character (except for a few) are treated like a message name and written between the receiver and the one and only argument. These are called "''binary messages''".		* To allow for arithmetic operations, any non-letter character (except for a few) are treated like a message name and written between the receiver and the one and only argument. These are called "''binary messages''".
	: For example: <code>"3 + 4"</code> or <code>"abc , def"</code> (yes, the comma is an operator; it does string concatenation)		: For example: <code>"3 + 4"</code> or <code>"abc , def"</code> (yes, the comma is an operator; it does string concatenation)